Hello, have a nice day. I read your project description and have to say that's a really cool idea. I've actually also completed a very similar project like this very recently. And I'm still working on that project, when they ask me to make little modifications that occur practically. I guess you can see it under my profile reviews.
But Anyway what I did in that project was...
Using RGBW neopixel LED strips for displaying time, getting custom colours, etc.
Using an RTC(Real Time Clock) module to get the time, set alarm, etc.
Using pots and push buttons to adjust time, LED colour, Brightness, etc.
And I also used motion sensors as well on that clock.
So for your project I think we only need RGBW LEDs, an Arduino Nano, an RTC module and a wifi module only. We can use the wifi module to synchronize time and get weather updates from the internet.
Anyway I don't want to make this proposal so lengthy. :) So if you feel interested, just contact me over chat. We can discuss this further.
On a side note, if you are planning to build the clock as a complete unit, I can help you with that as well. (for free)
Thank you.